A Definition and Examples of Racial Profiling

Ethnography, The Recording And Analysis Of A Culture Or...

Introduction: According to Simon Coleman and Bob Simpson, â€Å"Ethnography is the recording and analysis of a culture or society, usually based on participant-observation and resulting in a written account of a people, place or institution†. Ethnographies are in-depth studies of a culture which is unfamiliar from one’s own. One of the best places to observe and perceive human behavior is a coffee house. A coffee shop will involve multiple cultures and various behavior patterns to study. Richie’s Place Coffee Shop is located in Jamaica, Queens, right next to the 169Street subway. The location of the shop makes it very efficient and time saving for people. People just get off of the train and grab a coffee and go to their destination or they†¦show more content†¦Most people with family came and they stayed while other people like students came and left with their drinks. People who leaves with their beverages usually jumps into the line, grab what they wa nt and leave. People who stays back, they would come look around maybe looking to see where they can sit and then went to the line to order. There are others who come and have a sit while waiting for their friend or family and once they arrive they would go and order. Those who are in rush would take case or card beforehand so that they wouldn’t have to wait. While standing in the line, most of the people would text, call or listen to music without having any interaction with others. People neither see or hear what’s going on around them. Most adults came and ordered coffee either with very little milk and sugar or no milk and sugar. One women came in wearing a scrub and ordered a coffee without sugar or milk and the worker generally asked her if she always drinks black coffee and she answered not always, but when she is working because coffee gives her strength and energy in a long day. On the other hand, students would come and order sandwich and a coffee or grab a s oda with sandwich. Also, a woman came in with two kids and ordered coffee for her and sandwich with soda for her kids. A man came in wearing suit and he had a bag withShow MoreRelatedEthno669 Words   |  3 Pagespages double spaced An ethnography is a long term investigation of a group (often a culture) that is based on immersion in and, optimally, participation in that group. Ethnography provides a detailed exploration of group activity and may include the collection of historical information and in-person interviews of members of the group. It is an approach which employs multiple methodologies to arrive at a theoretically comprehensive understanding of a group or culture. Ethnography attempts to explainRead MoreSocio Cultural Aspects Of Therapeutic Relations1522 Words   |  7 Pagesmethods related to this research. Research Methodology: Ethnography This study selected ethnographically guided research methodology (Reeves et al 2008). Ethnography was developed by anthropologists in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries for the study of small-scale, traditional, isolated societies, although it is now widely used by practitioners of many disciplines in all kinds of research settings (Angrosino 2007). Ethnography is a plan of action or strategy of investigation in whichRead MoreThe Presentation Of The Self By Irving Goffman1167 Words   |  5 Pagesextended metaphor to explain how people perform a variety of social roles, like actors in a play, and that society is made up of groups of players working together to up hold various social realities and functional institutions such as work, school, home, medical, legal or leisure. The two key components of this theory are ‘front and back’ and ‘impression management’, which enable analysis of how identity is presented and understood through symbols, and the differing ways people behave when theyRead MoreAnalysis : The Game Room 1509 Words   |  7 PagesBourgois’ ethnography delved deep into the everyday lives of a pocket of society situated in El Barrio (also commonly referred to as East Harlem). Through permanently situating himself and his family within the illicit underground culture, he developed a string of firm friendships with drug dealers, crack addicts, and individuals emotionally defeated through the corrupt employment chain of New York. Bourgois adopted a relatively humanistic anthropological approach to gathering fieldwork, being grantedRead MoreCritical Annotation of Watson Reading and Commentary Reading1765 Words   |  7 Pagespublished ethnographic account and how a competent anthropologist should become during identification, description as well as analysis of emotions (Watson, 1999). In essence, the first argument is hinged on whether there are chances of allowing their partisanship to influence wh atever they see including how their interpretation of it all. Therefore, people in the society should give up all the pretence that all their account is objective and consider putting the point straight regarding own involvementRead MoreWhy I Ukrainian Art As A Multicultural Society821 Words   |  4 Pagesin total 411 Ukrainian items. For her data analysis she used model developed by (35) LeCompte and Schensul, who voted for categorizing objects according to three levels: item, pattern and structural levels. She categorized art objects according to their types, geographical origin, functions, means of acquisition, and meanings. In the result of her study Anna received big amount of quantitative data that she placed in tables in accordance with her analysis criteria. Her findings are based on empiricalRead MoreA Research Study On A Participant Observation Duncan ( 2004 )1327 Words   |  6 Pagesexperiences to produce a range of thorough ethnographies or self-narratives regarding various sporting and physical activities (Sparkes 2000). Wacquant (2004) described sport as an embodied practice and in relation to this idea, McNamee (2005), theorised that traditionally ethnographers sought to acknowledge reflexivity and subject to analyze their own experiences of the social worlds they were studying. Emphasis on embodiment is an acknowledgement that ethnography is extremely personal (experience, diariesRead MoreAnthropology : The Anthropology Of Sports1496 Words   |  6 Pagesframework within which one may address specialised problems like gender and sports, sports and ritual, and violence in human society among others (Blanchard 1995:23). The anthropology of sports is primarily a behavioral science thus closely related to cultural anthropology (Blanchard 1995:23) and tied to the knowledge that sports is an institution and a component of culture (Coakley and Dunning 2000:151). The anthropological study of sports can add to the existing sociological and historical knowledgeRead MoreCultural Study Of Anthropology Of Sports1493 Words   |  6 Pagesframework within which one may address specialised problems like gender and sports, sports and ritual, and violence in human society among others (Blanchard 1995:23). The anthropology of sports is primarily a behavioral science thus closely related to cultural anthropology (Blanchard 1995:23) and tied to the knowledge that sports is an institution and a component of culture (Coakley and Dunning 2000:151). The anthropological study of sports can add to the existing sociological and historical knowledgeRead MoreThe Evolution Of The Homo2311 Words   |  10 Pagesof Homo heidelb ergensis, though other designations such as Archaic Homo sapiens and Homo sapiens rhodesiensis have been proposed. Several cultural assemblages have been linked to the Neanderthals in Europe. The earliest, the Mousterian stone tool culture, dates to about 300,000 years ago. Late Mousterian artifacts were found in Gorham s Cave on the south-facing coast of Gibralta. Homo sapiens have many characteristics of our homo ancestors. With that being said there are also many differences. Our

Chemistry of Cancer Free Essays

Molly HubnerPeriod 1Extra Credit Paper Chemistry of Cancer Cancerous cells develop when conditions for cells are favorable, therefore following the divisions to continually occur, never stopping. When this happens, a tissue mass of cells called a tumor is formed and does not respond to normal controls regarding cell growth. Cancer cells have the following characteristics: profound changes in the plasma and membrane cytoplasm, abnormal growth and division weakened capacity for adhesion, and lethality. We will write a custom essay sample on Chemistry of Cancer or any similar topic only for you Order Now The membrane permeability is intensified and some proteins may be altered or added. Enzyme activities may also change and the cytoskeleton shrinks, causing a chaotic atmosphere. Controls are lost and cell populations will dramatically increase. New proteins cause abnormal increases in small blood vessels. Due to the high numbers, the cells can no longer attach itself to the parent tissue. Unless the cancerous cells are removed, they will kill the individual. Cancer is the number one killer in America today. We can say the known causes of cancer are radiation, sunlight, pollution, cigarette smoking and improper diets. I will explain the major causes of cancer, but before I proceed let me define the term â€Å"cancer. To be defined cancer is an abnormal, uncontrolled growth of cells that can spread beyond their natural boundaries to other parts of the body. Cancers can develop in numerous parts of the body. At first oncogene, genes with highly specialized functions were said to be the † cancer genes â€Å". This of course was wrong as oncogene promote normal c ell division and growth as well as the repair and replacement of damaged cells. Cancer starts when one out of as many as one trillion cells goes awry. When first damaged the cell loses its external controls and then the internal controls defect. From this it tries to develop a new set of internal controls by multiplying at a rapid pace which spreads colonies throughout the body. Cancer has been said to have two steps: mutation and promotion. During mutation the cell has been hit and permanently damaged; the cell is primed and ready to be molded known as a cancer cellPromotion is the cell division of the cancerous cell which then loses its controls- it then compensates itself by becoming an autonomous body Cancer can take 10 – 15 years to become fully developed, this depending on the cause or the ggressiveness of the tumor. Mature cells tend to progress slower. Metastases is the final stage when cancer is spread through the body by blood vessels or lymphatic channels. Single metastases can be cured usually by surgery or radiotherapy and multiple metastases is cured by chemotherapy . Metastases follows a path- from the primary tumor to a specific organ or organs. Lung Cancer is a disease marked by uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells. The abnormal cells may no longer do the work of normal cells and in turn crowd out and destroy the healthy tissue. Most of the victims of cancer die from lung cancer. Many of these cases could have been avoided because it most often occurs in people over the age of 50 with a history of smoking. There are different types of lung cancer involving different parts of the lungs. They have different symptoms and are all treated differently. If the cancer is located in one of the bronchi it can irritate the lining of the bronchus and cause a chronic cough. Otherwise known as â€Å"smokers cough†. In serious conditions of this cough some might actually cough up blood. If the cancer spreads it may fill up the bronchus so air cannot easily pass in or out. Repeated lung infections and pneumonia are common with this condition. The leading cause of lung cancer is smoking. Cigarette smoke contains more than 4,000 different chemicals, many of which are carcinogens (may cause cancer). The three of the most damaging toxins are nicotine, tars, and carbon monoxide. Second-hand smoke inhaled by both smokers and nonsmokers is another important cause of lung cancer. Smoking is responsible for 90% of lung cancer deaths among men, 79% among women. Also smoking accounts for about 30% of all cancer deaths. Smokers that inhale two or more packs of cigarettes a day, have a cancer mortality rate 12-25 times greater than a nonsmokers. It has been estimated that if all the smokers in America stopped smoking, lung cancer would be virtually gone. The best known carcinogen is asbestos. Others include nickel, chromate, and vinyl chloride. Risk of lung cancer is greatly increased when combined with smoking. It is obvious that cigarette smoking is the single most powerful cause of lung cancer. The increase in risk has been observed not only in men, but more recently in women, for smoking has come engage in activities formerly considered the domain of men. Depending upon the number of cigarettes smoked, and the number of cigarettes smoked each day can increase the risk of lung cancer. It is clear that there is a definite and direct dose-response relationship between the smoking dose and the development of cancer. I believe that if someone smokes even a pack of cigarettes a day it will increase the risk of getting cancer. Radon is the second leading cause of lung cancer. It is a radioactive gas found in the earth’s rocks and soil, formed by the natural breakdown of radium. Excessive exposure of radon in the home may increase the risk of lung cancer especially in smokers. If the radon levels are found to be to high, remedial actions should be taken. Another cause of cancer is on the job exposure to carcinogens . You can’t see radon. And you can’t smell or taste it, but it may very well be a problem in your home. It is estimated to cause many thousands of deaths each year. Radon is a cancer-causing, radioactive gas, and when you breathe air containing the gas, you can get lung cancer. In fact, radon has now been declared the second leading cause of lung cancer in the United States today. Only smoking causes more lung cancer deaths. If you smoke and your home has high radon levels, your risk of lung cancer is especially high. Radon can be found all over the United States. It comes from the natural breakdown of uranium in soil, rock and water and gets in to the air you breathe. Radon can get into any type of building, homes, offices, and schools and build up to high levels. But you and your family are most likely to get your greatest exposure in your home because that is where you spend most of your time. In recent years Cancer is disease that has seemed to scared and infected Americans. Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the U. S. with more than 1 million new cases occurring a year. With each day scientific findings give a better understanding of the causes of the disease. These findings have opened doors to help treat cancer patients more effectively. Scientists have gained a more specific knowledge of individual cancers and now through the wonders of science have found effective treatments for the disease. To treat Cancer doctors and scientist need an understanding of what the disease actually physically does. Cancer is defined as â€Å"new growth of tissue resulting from a continuing proliferation of abnormal cells that have the ability to invade and destroy other tissues. † Cancer is not restricted to what type of cell and tissue it may emerge from. Therefore, they describe the disease as a large number of diseases as opposed to just on single disease. Because Cancer involves cells that can easily enter the bloodstream the disease has the ability to spread quickly through the body making it an even more dangerous disease and harder to stop. The idea behind surgery for treatment of cancer patients is to remove all malignant cells and tumors. With new, more precise, surgical advances, far less tissue is required to be removed thus resulting in a quicker recovery and less chance for serious disability. Surgery is most effective if done in the early stages of Cancer, although it is effective in more developed stages in relieving symptoms. Surgery is also used to make other forms of treatment, such as radiation, more effective. With the reduction of the tumor through surgery radiation treatment may effectively eliminate the tumor. Radiation treatment of cancer uses gamma rays attack Cancer causing tissue. Since tumors are more sensitive to radiation than normal tissue radiation can effectively eliminate or reduce harmful tissues that surgery can otherwise not remove. Since normal tissues are not as easily harmed by radiation, the negative effects on healthy tissue are not as severe. If the tumor is reduced through radiation, it may become possible for a doctor to eliminate the tumor through surgery. Radiation can also sterilize tumors thus preventing or slowing the spread of the Cancer through the body. This can also help doctors remove the tumor more easily through surgery, and provides a much less involved, painful surgery. The combination of radiation and surgery, if effective, can offer a cure with fewer negative side effects to the patient. The final traditional means of treating cancer is Chemotherapy. This form of treatment involves the use of drugs. Chemotherapy is used when Cancer has grown throughout the body and is no longer accessible through radiation or surgery. Although after chemotherapy, surgery is often used to eliminate remaining Caceres tissue. In this treatment drugs are administered and pass through the blood stream effecting Cancer tissue and healthy tissue. Since the drugs affect healthy tissue the patient will become sick from the treatment but because healthy cells divide faster than malignant cells the patient is able to recuperate. Chemotherapy, like all Cancer treatments, is most effective when administered early the early stages of the disease. It is also important that the treatment is consistent and administered frequently in order to achieve the most successful results. Cancer is one of the most leading causes of death in women, children and the elderly in the United States of America. Cancer is the number one killer in America today. We can say the known causes of cancer are radiation, sunlight, pollution, cigarette smoking and improper diets. Until this day we can say the causes of cancer are many and definitely complex, while the development of most cancers still remain unexplained. Bibliography Avendano, Carmen, and J. Carlos Mendes. Medicinal Chemistry of Anti- Cancer Drugs† ElSever: Hardbook. April 2008 Kotasek, Dusan, and Peter Pannall. Cancer and Clinical Biochemistry. UK:ACB. Venture Publications, 1997 How to cite Chemistry of Cancer, Essay examples